Winter wellness for horses

In winter, horses often reduce their water intake, which can increase the risk of dehydration and potentially lead to issues such as impaction colic. To encourage hydration, electrolytes may be added to feed or water to stimulate thirst and replenish essential minerals. However, it’s important to monitor intake, as some horses may be reluctant to drink flavoured or altered water. Providing lukewarm water where possible can also help.

Damp, muddy conditions during the colder months can cause a spike in hoof-related issues such as thrush and abscesses. Thrush, a common fungal infection, thrives in moist environments and is often identified by a foul odour and black discharge from the hoof. Daily hoof picking, regular farrier visits, and maintaining clean, dry bedding are vital in preventing these conditions.

Wind, rain and dampness can rapidly affect a horse’s health and body condition, so appropriate shelter or rugging is essential. Horses should have access to windbreaks or be suitably rugged, particularly if they are clipped or exposed to cold, wet weather. Rugs should be waterproof and checked daily to ensure they remain secure, dry, and free of rubbing or injury. Rugs must also be removed at least weekly to assess the horse’s body condition, skin health, and to detect any early signs of discomfort or weight loss. Ensuring horses remain dry and protected reduces the calories they burn to stay warm – helping to maintain weight and wellbeing during winter.

Colder temperatures can contribute to muscular stiffness, increasing the risk of strain or injury. Thorough warm-up and cool-down routines – especially prolonged walking sessions – are essential to keep muscles supple and support joint function. On days when weather limits outdoor work, treadmills or indoor training options help maintain fitness without compromising safety.

Winter calls for a more watchful eye on a horse’s behaviour, appetite, and general condition. Regular vet check-ups, targeted hoof care, and musculoskeletal assessments all help to catch early signs of discomfort or illness before they escalate. Some stables also employ infrared therapy, heat rugs, or thermal imaging to monitor inflammation and recovery more closely during colder months.

Colder temperatures and prolonged stabling increase the risk of respiratory infections during winter. Signs of illness can include nasal or ocular discharge, swollen glands under the jaw, coughing, fever, or a drop in appetite and performance. Good stable management plays a crucial role in preventing illness. Ensuring proper ventilation and minimising dust exposure – such as by using low-dust bedding and soaking hay – helps maintain air quality and supports respiratory health. Horses showing signs of respiratory illness should be isolated and assessed promptly by a veterinarian.

Late autumn and early winter can bring a flush of weed growth following summer droughts, increasing the risk of toxic plant ingestion. Paterson’s curse, ragwort, bracken fern, marshmallow, St John’s wort, and flatweed are all common culprits. Regular paddock inspections and prompt weed control can help prevent accidental poisoning.

By adjusting care routines to meet the season’s demands, Victoria’s trainers and vets continue to prioritise the welfare of their horses – ensuring they remain healthy, comfortable, and ready to perform, no matter the weather.